Wednesday, March 25, 2015

Random Reflections About A Reburial

My exams are over, and I'm back in front of my computer - just in time for a very special reinterment!



I started watching Emma Approved sometime during my exams, and I have been obsessed with it ever since. I'll write about it later, but now is not the time to talk about an excellent web series. Today is all about, and only about, a certain King Richard.

For those of you who have been living under a rock, or just too busy watching the cricket World Cup to notice anything that doesn't have to do with bats and balls, King Richard III was reburied today. Or will be, anyway. At the time that I'm writing this, it's still very early in the morning, which means that it must be slightly after midnight in Leicester. But I will keep this window open all day, and whenever I have a thought that is related to the reburial, I will write it down. And then I'll post it. This is what I do for fun.

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To quickly summarise: King Richard III was the youngest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and the younger brother of the Yorkist King Edward IV. Edward seized the throne from Henry VI during the Wars of the Roses, and ruled for over 20 years, albeit with some hiccups along the way. When Edward died, his son, Prince Edward, was only 12 years old and became the new King. But Richard wasn't having any of that. He booted the young King Edward off the throne by claiming that his father's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was a sham (and therefore Edward and all his siblings were illegitimate), and locked the boy in the Tower of London with his younger brother, Richard, Duke of York. Then the older Richard had himself crowned King.

But the people weren't happy that Richard wasn't following the order of succession (apart from the two boys, he had also bypassed Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of his older brother George), and the situation got worse when the two Princes in Tower suddenly disappeared. No one knows what happened to them - maybe Richard killed them; maybe Henry VII killed them when he came to the throne; maybe they just caught some common disease and died; maybe they escaped and fled to France - but they were missing and it was all Richard's fault.

In 1485, Henry Tudor, a direct descendant of King Edward III and a Lancastrian heir to the throne, returned to England after years of exile in Brittany and claimed the throne for himself. He challenged Richard to battle, they fought at Bosworth, Richard was thrown off his horse and bludgeoned to death, Henry Tudor won and he was King. Richard was buried in a priory which was destroyed under the rule of Henry VIII, but then his body was discovered under a car park in Leicester three years ago. The rest is history (Well, all of this is history, but the rest is recent enough history that you should have read about it in the papers).

Richard III was a good King. He was a good military commander, he made fair laws, his economic policies were quite good, and, mostly importantly, he was not a twelve year-old mama's boy. He had real world experience, and had lived through most of the Wars, and made a much better ruler than Edward ever would have. It's a pity he had to have his head bashed on the battlefield.

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Note: I follow Indian Standard Time, which is UTC+5:30, or five and a half hours ahead of GMT.

10:30: My father pointed out a column about the 'Car Park King'. I read it, and then I read it again, this time with a pen, which I used to circle all the factual errors. There are lots. I understand that British history may not be the columnist's strength, and I forgive her for that, but is it really acceptable to be making such basic, factual errors when it is SO easy to just Google things like dates and titles.

You can read the column here, and if you can identify all the errors, you win. There's no prize - you just have the satisfaction of winning.

11:30: I have mixed feelings about Benedict Cumberbatch giving a reading at Richard's reburial. On one hand, I'm glad that they've got a prominent actor who understands the gravitas of the situation (Cumberbatch will be playing Richard III in the upcoming series of the BBC's The Hollow Crown, and is also distantly related to the King... what!?) and not just some random person, but on the other hand, does Benedict Cumberbatch really know Richard or does he just know him as Shakespeare's hunchbacked, villainous, nephew-murderer? I can't be sure.

11:45: I have to write a piece for Royal Central about the descendants of the Battle of Bosworth meeting at Leicester for the first time since their ancestors met there 530 years ago. I don't feel like writing it though. I'm getting very jittery about this whole reburial thing.

12:45: Done. Here.

14:00: I've been texting my mother fun facts about Richard III all morning. I don't think she's reading them, but that hasn't stopped me in the past.

15:30: I've decided to take up another article about King Richard. I don't have anything to do until the service starts, and I'm determined not to write about anyone other than Richard because, like I said before, today is his day.

17:00: Finished. Here.

17:30: I spent the last half an hour thinking about whether Richard would have ever, in his life, imagined that this would be his future - a miserable defeat and burial, and then such a splendid ceremony 500 years later. The answer is 'Of course not. Why would he possibly think that?'

On a side note, I have no idea what time this service is supposed to start at.

17:45: It's already started. It's almost over, too. The Countess of Wessex is here, along with The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester. There are two 'Richard, Duke of Gloucester's in this Cathedral - one sitting on the side as a guest of honour, and one in a hole in the ground.

18:00: Benedict Cumberbatch is looking very dapper. The white rose pin in his lapel is actually for sale online, and if I find the link you can go to it by clicking on this sentence. I actually wanted to buy it, but it was too expensive after shipping, and I would never have had an occasion to wear it anyway.

This is so great. I wish they would dig up a few more Monarchs and rebury them, just so that we can have ceremonies.

18:15: If they reburied Henry V, would they call Tom Hiddleston to give a reading? I wonder.

I do wish they had invited Aneurin Barnard to this. He's Welsh, so he's probably descended from one Tudor or another, and he's played Richard III on television. A more accurate depiction of Richard, not Shakespeare's evil version.

18:30: Fun fact - The Archbishop of Canterbury sprinkled the coffin with soils from Fotheringhay, Middleham, and Bosworth. Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle in 1452, Middleham Castle (a possession of the Earl of Warwick before his death) is where is lived after her married Anne Neville, and where his son Edward was born, and Bosworth, of course, is where he died. So soils from every phase of his life.

19:00: I've finished looking at all the pictures, and reading all the tweets, and watching all the guests leave. I guess this is it, then. He's finally buried.

Rest In Peace, Richard.

You'll always be my favourite Plantagenet King.

19:45: Another one! "A search for bones of Henry I is planned in Reading"

Oh, this is going to be fun.

N

Tuesday, March 3, 2015

Valentine's Day* Post About Love**

*Not actually on Valentine's Day
**Not actually about love

I've been meaning to write this post since Valentine's Day proper, but I've had exams and just generally been busy, so here it is now, a fortnight after it should have been published.

I was asked a very important question on Valentine's Day:

I panicked. I don't know why - I have not known answers in qualifying exams that went on to determine my future and not panicked as much as I did when I couldn't answer Historic Royal Palaces' rhetoric question about my favourite royal couple.

I could have said Victoria and Albert, but that's too clichéd for my liking. King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville is certainly a tale for the ages, but they weren't asking about the 'Best Royal Romances'. It was about my favourite royal couple, and when it comes down to it, I can't stand Elizabeth and Edward. And can I really make a favourite out of a couple whose marriage ended in a beheading? I think not.

Obviously, my favourite royal couple, and perhaps even my favourite couple of all time, is William and Kate. As if that even needs to be said. But since it was Historic Royal Palaces, I had to name a couple that had been dead for long enough to qualify as history, or else risk looking like an amateur.

I chose King George II and Queen Caroline of Ansbach. Perhaps not my absolute favourite, but they had a lovely relationship, and I was thinking about what the King said about having known many women, but none fit to buckle her [Caroline's] shoe.

It wasn't a bad choice, but that question really got me thinking. Why don't I have a favourite royal couple? What if I'm ever in a situation where I have to be able to name a favourite royal couple on the spot? I can't think of a time that I would actually be in a such a position, but I figured, better safe than sorry.

And so I'm going to make a list of my five favourite royal couples in history and put it on my blog! That way if Historic Royal Palaces tweets the same question at me next year, I'll have an answer. Also, some peace of mind.

5. George II and Caroline of Ansbach

Caroline of Ansbach was a Queen of England, and a very intelligent one at that. But when she married George in 1705, she wasn't marrying a King - she was marrying the heir to the heir to the Duchy of Hanover. But in 1714, both Electress Sophia and Queen Anne were dead, and Caroline was the Princess of Wales. 

George's father, King George I, had been married Sophia Dorothea of Celle, and despised her for every minute of it. Because he didn't want his son to go through the same ordeal, he let him marry his bride of choice. George chose Caroline, his first cousin. He chose her for her 'good character', but the couple soon bonded over their mutual dislike of people - the first King George, their own son, and there were probably others.

Caroline influenced her husband greatly during his reign. When he traveled to Hanover, he appointed her as Regent, instead of his son, who, as I previously mentioned, he hated. When she died in 1737, that was when it was evident how much King George II had loved her in life. 

When it was evident that she was dying, Caroline asked George to remarry. He said that he wouldn't, and that he would only take mistresses. He died 23 years later. He didn't marry again. He never met a woman fit to buckle Caroline's shoe.

4. Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

The circumstances under which Henry VII and Elizabeth of York got married were more political than romantic. He was a Lancastrian claimant, and she was a Yorkist heiress and his only chance at uniting the two rival houses to prevent further civil war and give their children an indisputable shot at the throne. A bit like Romeo and Juliet. Or, you know, Matthew and Mary Crawley. In fact, more like Matthew and Mary than Romeo and Juliet.

But without as much of the drama. With her father dead, her mother out of favour with the court, and her brothers locked up in the Tower of London, Elizabeth of York really didn't have much of a say when Henry Tudor promised to marry her, in Rennes in 1483. Two years later, the Battle of Bosworth happened, her uncle Richard lay dead on a battlefield with his head smashed in, and Elizabeth found herself betrothed to King Henry VII of England.

Of course, I will never know what Henry and Elizabeth's relationship was actually like. But from what I've read, it seemed like they loved each other. Or at least grew fond of each other over time. And I've grown fond of them. It was a Tudor romance, the likes of which there would never be again. They were married for some seventeen years, and they had seven children together, four of whom survived infancy. Elizabeth died during childbirth in 1503, and Henry never really got over her death. He died six years later of, if Wikipedia is to be believed, a "broken heart". I'm sure he missed his wife, but I doubt it.

3. Catherine of Valois and Owen Tudor

Speaking of Tudor romances...

Catherine of Valois was the younger daughter of King Charles VI of France, and so quite a pawn in the 100 Years War. Her older sister Isabella had been married to King Richard II as a child, and after Richard died (or was murdered, whatever version of history you believe), Henry IV tried to marry Isabella to his son, Henry, Prince of Wales. That plan came to an end when Isabella married the Duke of Orleans and King Henry died. Separate events, not related to each other.

The new King Henry V was a remarkable military leader. He led his army in the war against France, and after the spectacular victory at Agincourt (and some negotiating) he was recognised at heir to the French throne. As his spoils of war, he took the King's daughter Catherine as his bride. She gave birth to the couple's only son, Prince Henry, in 1921, just ten months before King Henry died. Of dysentery.

Now, Catherine was only 21 years old at the time. No one expected her to live out the rest of her life as a widow. But I don't think anyone expected her to do what she did next either - marry Owen Tudor, a Welshman at the court of the late King Henry. It was a royal scandal. As Dowager Queen, she was expected to get the King's consent before remarrying. The problem was, the King was a child. He probably barely understood what was going on.

Anyway, Catherine and Owen got married and had some children. I'm not sure how many, but among them were Edmund and Jasper Tudor, the former of whom sired Henry Tudor and began the Tudor dynasty.

This isn't the greatest of love stories, but I think it's sweet that Catherine finally got to stop being a piece in the political game that was the 100 Year's War, and just be happy with someone that she loved. She died, eventually, predeceasing Owen who was later beheaded for his participation in the Wars of Roses. History is grim.

2. John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster

Normally, when someone thinks of John of Gaunt as being one half of a royal couple, they think of the other half as being Katherine Swynford. And why shouldn't they? It was quite a love story: he married his mistress, and their descendants caused a great upset and ended the Wars of the Roses. But what people sometimes forget is that John of Gaunt was married three times, and before he was married to Katherine Swynford, he was married to Blanche of Lancaster.

Blanche of Lancaster was the first wife of the third son of King Edward III. Through their marriage, she brought him the title of Duke of Lancaster, which he continued to use and share with his other wives, even after her death. She also brought him a lot of money - her father was one of the richest men in England at the time - and palaces. Their son, Henry, would go on to become King Henry IV, the first King of the House of Lancaster.

The pair were married for a very, very short time before Blanche died at the age of 23. And, to be honest, I think Geoffrey Chaucer was more upset about her death than John was - he wrote The Book of The Duchess in her memory. After Blanche's death, John of Gaunt married Constance of Castile in a bid to have himself crowned King of Castile and Leon. In the meantime, he took Katherine Swynford as his mistress, and after Constance died, he married her. Yet, when John died while he was still married to Katherine, he chose to be buried next to Blanche.

I have no idea whether John and Blanche were happy together or whether, like with Constance, he only married her for her title and inheritance. But I do like to imagine that they were. I ship them, I ship their happiness with each other. And perhaps the fact that John didn't take a mistress while he was married to Blanche (Katherine Swynford was well and alive at that time too) proves that he loved her at least enough to remain faithful to her. Doesn't it?

I think it does.

1. Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson

Nothing says true love like giving up a throne, giving up a country (Edward never returned to England after his marriage) for someone. If I've said it once, I've said it a hundred times - the story of Edward and Wallis is a marvelous love story.

[It's definitely a better story than Victoria and Albert. I mean, the couple is remembered for having known that it was true love from the moment they met each other, and the fact that Queen Victoria remained in mourning for her whole life after Albert's death. Thousands of people love each other and don't remarry after their significant other dies. Does that mean that every third person has a spectacular love story?]

I was reading something about Wallis Simpson the other day, and I ended up just staring at her picture for ten minutes thinking, "Someone gave up a throne for her." It had never happened before - no English Monarch had ever abdicated the throne by choice. And definitely not for love. Except King Edward. And I think that's great.

When she married Edward, Wallis Simpson had already been divorced twice. But she didn't divorce him. Maybe it was out of pity for the fact that he had given up a throne for her. And maybe it was because she loved him. He definitely loved her.

Edward and Wallis lived out the rest of their lives in France and the Bahamas, as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. The two were buried side by side in Windsor; and whatever animosity the Royal family might have harboured against them in life, their funerals were attended by the Queen and the Queen Mother. I'm glad.
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And that's it. Happy much belated Valentine's Day.

N